pgr_aStar

pgr_aStar —使用 A* 算法的最短路径。

_images/boost-inside.jpeg

Boost 图内部

可用性

  • 版本3.6.0

    • 标准输出列|short-generic-result|

      • pgr_aStar (一对一) 增加 start_vidend_vid 列.

      • pgr_aStar (一对多) 增加 end_vid 列.

      • pgr_aStar (多对一) 增加 start_vid 列.

  • 版本3.2.0

    • 拟议 的签名:

  • 版本3.0.0

    • 官方 函数

  • 版本2.4.0

  • 版本2.3.0

    • 签名更改 pgr_astar (一对一)

      • 不再支持旧签名

  • 版本2.0.0

描述

主要特点是:

  • 流程适用于有向图和无向图。

  • 顺序是:

    • 首先按 start_vid (如果存在)

    • 然后按 end_vid

  • 当存在路径时返回值。

  • \(v\)\(u\) 为图上的节点:

    • 如果没有从 \(v\)\(u\) 的路径:

      • 没有返回对应的行

      • \(v\)\(u\)agg_cost\(\infty\)

    • \(v = u\) 没有路径,因此

      • 没有返回对应的行

      • vuagg_cost\(0\)

  • 当同一顶点标识符的 \((x,y)\) 坐标不同时:

    • 使用随机选择的顶点的 \((x,y)\) 坐标。

  • 运行时间: \(O((E + V) * \log V)\)

签名

总结

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vid, end vid, [options])
pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vid, end vids, [options])
pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vids, end vid, [options])
pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vids, end vids, [options])
pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, Combinations SQL, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

可选参数是`命名参数` 并具有默认值。

一对一

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vid, end vid, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET
示例:

在具有heuristic \(2\)有向 图上,从顶点 \(6\) 到顶点 \(12\)

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  6, 12,
  directed => true, heuristic => 2);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         6 |      12 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         6 |      12 |    7 |   10 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         6 |      12 |    8 |   12 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         6 |      12 |   12 |   -1 |    0 |        3
(4 rows)

一对多

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vid, end vids, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET
示例:

在具有heuristic \(3\) 和factor \(3.5\)有向 图上,从顶点 \(6\) 到顶点 \(\{10, 12\}\)

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  6, ARRAY[10, 12],
  heuristic => 3, factor := 3.5);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         6 |      10 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         6 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         6 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         6 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         6 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |         6 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |         6 |      12 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |         6 |      12 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |         6 |      12 |   11 |   11 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |         6 |      12 |   12 |   -1 |    0 |        3
(10 rows)

多对一

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vids, end vid, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET
示例:

在具有heuristic \(4\)无向 图上,从顶点 \(\{6, 8\}\) 到顶点 \(10\)

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  ARRAY[6, 8], 10,
  false, heuristic => 4);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         6 |      10 |    6 |    2 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         6 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        1
   3 |        1 |         8 |      10 |    8 |   12 |    1 |        0
   4 |        2 |         8 |      10 |   12 |   11 |    1 |        1
   5 |        3 |         8 |      10 |   11 |    5 |    1 |        2
   6 |        4 |         8 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        3
(6 rows)

多对多

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, start vids, end vids, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET
示例:

在具有factor \(0.5\)有向 图上,从顶点 \(\{6, 8\}\) 到顶点 \(\{10, 12\}\)

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  ARRAY[6, 8], ARRAY[10, 12],
  factor => 0.5);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         6 |      10 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         6 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         6 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         6 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         6 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |         6 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |         6 |      12 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |         6 |      12 |    7 |   10 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |         6 |      12 |    8 |   12 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |         6 |      12 |   12 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  11 |        1 |         8 |      10 |    8 |   10 |    1 |        0
  12 |        2 |         8 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
  13 |        3 |         8 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        2
  14 |        4 |         8 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        3
  15 |        5 |         8 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        4
  16 |        6 |         8 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        5
  17 |        1 |         8 |      12 |    8 |   12 |    1 |        0
  18 |        2 |         8 |      12 |   12 |   -1 |    0 |        1
(18 rows)

组合

pgr_aStar(Edges SQL, Combinations SQL, [options])
options: [directed, heuristic, factor, epsilon]
Returns set of (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET
示例:

有向 图上使用组合表,且使用factor \(0.5\)

组合表:

SELECT * FROM combinations;
 source | target
--------+--------
      5 |      6
      5 |     10
      6 |      5
      6 |     15
      6 |     14
(5 rows)

查询:

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  'SELECT * FROM combinations',
  factor => 0.5);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         5 |       6 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         5 |       6 |    6 |   -1 |    0 |        1
   3 |        1 |         5 |      10 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        0
   4 |        2 |         5 |      10 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        1
   5 |        3 |         5 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        2
   6 |        4 |         5 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        3
   7 |        5 |         5 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        4
   8 |        6 |         5 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        5
   9 |        7 |         5 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        6
  10 |        1 |         6 |       5 |    6 |    1 |    1 |        0
  11 |        2 |         6 |       5 |    5 |   -1 |    0 |        1
  12 |        1 |         6 |      15 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
  13 |        2 |         6 |      15 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
  14 |        3 |         6 |      15 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        2
  15 |        4 |         6 |      15 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        3
  16 |        5 |         6 |      15 |   15 |   -1 |    0 |        4
(16 rows)

参数

类型

描述

Edges SQL

TEXT

Edges SQL 如下所述

Combinations SQL

TEXT

Combinations SQL 如下所述

start vid

BIGINT

路径起始顶点的标识符。

start vids

ARRAY[BIGINT]

起始顶点的标识符数组。

end vid

BIGINT

路径结束顶点的标识符。

end vids

ARRAY[BIGINT]

结束顶点的标识符数组。

可选参数

类型

默认

描述

directed

BOOLEAN

true

  • true 时,该图被视为有 有向

  • 如果为 false ,则该图被视为 无向

aStar 可选参数

参数

类型

默认

描述

heuristic

INTEGER

5

Heuristic 数字。当前有效值0~5。

  • 0: \(h(v) = 0\) (使用该值与 pgr_dijkstra 进行比较)

  • 1: \(h(v) = abs(max(\Delta x, \Delta y))\)

  • 2: \(h(v) = abs(min(\Delta x, \Delta y))\)

  • 3: \(h(v) = \Delta x * \Delta x + \Delta y * \Delta y\)

  • 4: \(h(v) = sqrt(\Delta x * \Delta x + \Delta y * \Delta y)\)

  • 5: \(h(v) = abs(\Delta x) + abs(\Delta y)\)

factor

FLOAT

1

对于单位操作。 \(factor > 0\)

epsilon

FLOAT

1

对于限制较少的结果。 \(epsilon >= 1\)

查看可用的 heuristicsfactor 处理。

内部查询

Edges SQL

参数

类型

默认

描述

id

ANY-INTEGER

边的标识符。

source

ANY-INTEGER

边的第一个端点顶点的标识符。

target

ANY-INTEGER

边的第二个端点顶点的标识符。

cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

边(source, target)的权重

  • 当为负时:边(source, target)不存在,因此它不是图的一部分。

reverse_cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

-1

边 (target, source)的权重,

  • 当为负时:边( target, source )不存在,因此它不是图的一部分。

x1

ANY-NUMERICAL

source 顶点的X坐标。

y1

ANY-NUMERICAL

source 顶点的Y坐标。

x2

ANY-NUMERICAL

target 顶点的X坐标。

y2

ANY-NUMERICAL

target 顶点的Y坐标。

其中:

ANY-INTEGER:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERICAL:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT

分量 SQL

参数

类型

描述

source

ANY-INTEGER

出发顶点的标识符。

target

ANY-INTEGER

到达顶点的标识符。

其中:

ANY-INTEGER:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

结果列

返回 (seq, path_seq [, start_vid] [, end_vid], node, edge, cost, agg_cost) 的集合

类型

描述

seq

INTEGER

1 开始的顺序值。

path_seq

INTEGER

路径中的相对位置。 路径开头的值为 1

start_vid

BIGINT

起始顶点的标识符。 当查询中有多个起始向量时返回。

end_vid

BIGINT

结束顶点的标识符。 当查询中有多个结束顶点时返回。

node

BIGINT

start_vidend_vid 路径中节点的标识符。

edge

BIGINT

用于从路径序列中的 node 到下一个节点的边的标识符。 -1 表示路径的最后一个节点。

cost

FLOAT

从使用 edgenode 遍历到路径序列中的下一个节点的成本。

agg_cost

FLOAT

start_vidnode 的总成本。

其他示例

示例1:

演示中重复的值被忽略,且结果被排序。

 SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  ARRAY[7, 10, 15, 10, 10, 15], ARRAY[10, 7, 10, 15]);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         7 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         7 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         7 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         7 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         7 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        4
   6 |        1 |         7 |      15 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        0
   7 |        2 |         7 |      15 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
   8 |        3 |         7 |      15 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
   9 |        4 |         7 |      15 |   15 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  10 |        1 |        10 |       7 |   10 |    5 |    1 |        0
  11 |        2 |        10 |       7 |   11 |    8 |    1 |        1
  12 |        3 |        10 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        2
  13 |        1 |        10 |      15 |   10 |    5 |    1 |        0
  14 |        2 |        10 |      15 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
  15 |        3 |        10 |      15 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
  16 |        4 |        10 |      15 |   15 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  17 |        1 |        15 |       7 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        0
  18 |        2 |        15 |       7 |   10 |    2 |    1 |        1
  19 |        3 |        15 |       7 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        2
  20 |        4 |        15 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  21 |        1 |        15 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        0
  22 |        2 |        15 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        1
(22 rows)

示例2:

使 start vidsend vids 相同。

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  ARRAY[7, 10, 15], ARRAY[7, 10, 15]);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         7 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         7 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         7 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         7 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         7 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        4
   6 |        1 |         7 |      15 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        0
   7 |        2 |         7 |      15 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
   8 |        3 |         7 |      15 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
   9 |        4 |         7 |      15 |   15 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  10 |        1 |        10 |       7 |   10 |    5 |    1 |        0
  11 |        2 |        10 |       7 |   11 |    8 |    1 |        1
  12 |        3 |        10 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        2
  13 |        1 |        10 |      15 |   10 |    5 |    1 |        0
  14 |        2 |        10 |      15 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        1
  15 |        3 |        10 |      15 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
  16 |        4 |        10 |      15 |   15 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  17 |        1 |        15 |       7 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        0
  18 |        2 |        15 |       7 |   10 |    2 |    1 |        1
  19 |        3 |        15 |       7 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        2
  20 |        4 |        15 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  21 |        1 |        15 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        0
  22 |        2 |        15 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        1
(22 rows)

示例3:

手动指定的顶点组合。

SELECT * FROM pgr_aStar(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost, x1, y1, x2, y2
  FROM edges',
  'SELECT * FROM (VALUES (6, 10), (6, 7), (12, 10)) AS combinations (source, target)');
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         6 |       7 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         6 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        1
   3 |        1 |         6 |      10 |    6 |    4 |    1 |        0
   4 |        2 |         6 |      10 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        1
   5 |        3 |         6 |      10 |   11 |    9 |    1 |        2
   6 |        4 |         6 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        3
   7 |        5 |         6 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        4
   8 |        6 |         6 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   9 |        1 |        12 |      10 |   12 |   13 |    1 |        0
  10 |        2 |        12 |      10 |   17 |   15 |    1 |        1
  11 |        3 |        12 |      10 |   16 |   16 |    1 |        2
  12 |        4 |        12 |      10 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        3
  13 |        5 |        12 |      10 |   10 |   -1 |    0 |        4
(13 rows)

另请参阅

索引和表格