pgr_contraction

pgr_contraction — Performs graph contraction and returns the contracted vertices and edges.

_images/boost-inside.jpeg

Boost Graph Inside

Availability

  • Version 3.0.0

    • Return columns change: seq is removed

    • Name change from pgr_contractGraph

    • Bug fixes

    • Official function

  • Version 2.3.0

    • New experimental function

Description

Contraction reduces the size of the graph by removing some of the vertices and edges and, for example, might add edges that represent a sequence of original edges decreasing the total time and space used in graph algorithms.

The main Characteristics are:

  • Process is done only on edges with positive costs.

  • Does not return the full contracted graph

    • Only changes on the graph are returned

  • Currnetly there are two types of contraction methods

    • Dead End Contraction

    • Linear Contraction

  • The returned values include

    • the added edges by linear contraction.

    • the modified vertices by dead end contraction.

  • The returned values are ordered as follows:

    • column id ascending when type = v

    • column id descending when type = e

Signatures

Summary

The pgr_contraction function has the following signature:

pgr_contraction(Edges SQL, Contraction order [, max_cycles] [, forbidden_vertices] [, directed])
RETURNS SETOF (type, id, contracted_vertices, source, target, cost)
Example

Making a dead end contraction and a linear contraction with vertex 2 forbidden from being contracted

SELECT * FROM pgr_contraction(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
ARRAY[1, 2], forbidden_vertices:=ARRAY[2]);
 type | id | contracted_vertices | source | target | cost
------+----+---------------------+--------+--------+------
 v    |  2 | {1}                 |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    |  5 | {7,8}               |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 10 | {13}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 15 | {14}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 17 | {16}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
(5 rows)

Parameters

Column

Type

Description

Edges SQL

TEXT

SQL query as described in Inner query

Ccontraction Order

ARRAY[ANY-INTEGER]
Ordered contraction operations.

  • 1 = Dead end contraction

  • 2 = Linear contraction

Optional Parameters

Column

Type

Default

Description

forbidden_vertices

ARRAY[ANY-INTEGER]

Empty

Identifiers of vertices forbidden from contraction.

max_cycles

INTEGER

\(1\)

Number of times the contraction operations on contraction_order will be performed.

directed

BOOLEAN

true

  • When true the graph is considered as Directed.

  • When false the graph is considered as Undirected.

Inner query

Column

Type

Default

Description

id

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the edge.

source

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge.

target

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge.

cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

Weight of the edge (source, target)

  • When negative: edge (source, target) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

reverse_cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

-1

Weight of the edge (target, source),

  • When negative: edge (target, source) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERICAL

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT

Result Columns

RETURNS SETOF (type, id, contracted_vertices, source, target, cost)

The function returns a single row. The columns of the row are:

Column

Type

Description

type

TEXT
Type of the id.

  • ‘v’ when the row is a vertex.

  • ‘e’ when the row is an edge.

id

BIGINT
All numbers on this column are DISTINCT

  • When type = ‘v’.

    • Identifier of the modified vertex.

  • When type = ‘e’.

    • Decreasing sequence starting from -1.

    • Representing a pseudo id as is not incorporated in the set of original edges.

contracted_vertices

ARRAY[BIGINT]

Array of contracted vertex identifiers.

source

BIGINT

  • When type = ‘v’: \(-1\)

  • When type = ‘e’: Identifier of the source vertex of the current edge (source, target).

target

BIGINT

  • When type = ‘v’: \(-1\)

  • When type = ‘e’: Identifier of the target vertex of the current edge (source, target).

cost

FLOAT

  • When type = ‘v’: \(-1\)

  • When type = ‘e’: Weight of the current edge (source, target).

Additional Examples

Example

Only dead end contraction

SELECT * FROM pgr_contraction(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
ARRAY[1]);
 type | id | contracted_vertices | source | target | cost
------+----+---------------------+--------+--------+------
 v    |  2 | {1}                 |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    |  5 | {7,8}               |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 10 | {13}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 15 | {14}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
 v    | 17 | {16}                |     -1 |     -1 |   -1
(5 rows)
Example

Only linear contraction

SELECT * FROM pgr_contraction(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
ARRAY[2]);
 type | id | contracted_vertices | source | target | cost
------+----+---------------------+--------+--------+------
 e    | -1 | {8}                 |      5 |      7 |    2
 e    | -2 | {8}                 |      7 |      5 |    2
(2 rows)

See Also

Indices and tables