pgr_dijkstraNear
- Proposed¶
pgr_dijkstraNear
— Using Dijkstra’s algorithm, finds the route that leads to
the nearest vertex.
Warning
Proposed functions for next mayor release.
They are not officially in the current release.
They will likely officially be part of the next mayor release:
The functions make use of ANY-INTEGER and ANY-NUMERICAL
Name might not change. (But still can)
Signature might not change. (But still can)
Functionality might not change. (But still can)
pgTap tests have being done. But might need more.
Documentation might need refinement.
Availability
Version 3.3.0
Promoted to proposed function
Version 3.2.0
New experimental function
Description¶
Given a graph, a starting vertex and a set of ending vertices, this function finds the shortest path from the starting vertex to the nearest ending vertex.
Characteristics¶
Uses Dijkstra algorithm.
Works for directed and undirected graphs.
When there are more than one path to the same vertex with same cost:
The algorithm will return just one path
Optionally allows to find more than one path.
When more than one path is to be returned:
Results are sorted in increasing order of:
aggregate cost
Within the same value of aggregate costs:
results are sorted by (source, target)
Running time: Dijkstra running time: \(drt = O((|E| + |V|)log|V|)\)
One to Many; \(drt\)
Many to One: \(drt\)
Many to Many: \(drt * |Starting vids|\)
Combinations: \(drt * |Starting vids|\)
Signatures¶
Summary
[directed, cap]
[directed, cap, global]
(seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
One to Many¶
[directed, cap]
(seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
- Example:
Departing on car from vertex \(6\) find the nearest subway station.
Using a directed graph for car routing.
The subway stations are on the following vertices \(\{1, 10, 11\}\)
The defaults used:
directed => true
cap => 1
1SELECT * FROM pgr_dijkstraNear(
2 'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edges',
3 6, ARRAY[10, 11, 1]);
4 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
5-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
6 1 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0
7 2 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1
8 3 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 11 | -1 | 0 | 2
9(3 rows)
10
The result shows that station at vertex \(11\) is the nearest.
Many to One¶
[directed, cap]
(seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
- Example:
Departing on a car from a subway station find the nearest two stations to vertex \(2\)
Using a directed graph for car routing.
The subway stations are on the following vertices \(\{ 1, 10, 11\}\)
On line 4: using the positional parameter: directed set to
true
In line 5: using named parameter cap => 2
1SELECT * FROM pgr_dijkstraNear(
2 'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edges',
3 ARRAY[10, 11, 1], 6,
4 true,
5 cap => 2);
6 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
7-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
8 1 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0
9 2 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 6 | -1 | 0 | 1
10 3 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0
11 4 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1
12 5 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 6 | -1 | 0 | 2
13(5 rows)
14
The result shows that station at vertex \(10\) is the nearest and the next best is \(11\).
Many to Many¶
[directed, cap, global]
(seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
- Example:
Find the best pedestrian connection between two lines of buses
Unsing an undirected graph for pedestrian routing
The first subway line stations are at \(\{15, 16\}\)
The second subway line stations stops are at \(\{1, 10, 11\}\)
On line 4: using the named parameter: directed => false
The defaults used:
cap => 1
global => true
1SELECT * FROM pgr_dijkstraNear(
2 'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edges',
3 ARRAY[15, 16], ARRAY[10, 11, 1],
4 directed => false);
5 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
6-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
7 1 | 1 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 0
8 2 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | -1 | 0 | 1
9(2 rows)
10
For a pedestrian the best connection is to get on/off is at vertex \(15\) of the first subway line and at vertex \(10\) of the second subway line.
Only one route is returned because global is true
and cap is 1
Combinations¶
[directed, cap, global]
(seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
- Example:
Find the best car connection between all the stations of two subway lines
Using a directed graph for car routing.
The first subway line stations stops are at \(\{1, 10, 11\}\)
The second subway line stations are at \(\{15, 16\}\)
The combinations contents:
SELECT unnest(ARRAY[10, 11, 1]) as source, target
FROM (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[15, 16]) AS target) a
UNION
SELECT unnest(ARRAY[15, 16]), target
FROM (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[10, 11, 1]) AS target) b ORDER BY source, target;
source | target
--------+--------
1 | 15
1 | 16
10 | 15
10 | 16
11 | 15
11 | 16
15 | 1
15 | 10
15 | 11
16 | 1
16 | 10
16 | 11
(12 rows)
The query:
lines 3~4 sets the start vertices to be from the first subway line and the ending vertices to be from the second subway line
lines 6~7 sets the start vertices to be from the first subway line and the ending vertices to be from the first subway line
On line 8: using the named parameter is global => false
The defaults used:
directed => true
cap => 1
1SELECT * FROM pgr_dijkstraNear(
2 'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edges',
3 'SELECT unnest(ARRAY[10, 11, 1]) as source, target
4 FROM (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[15, 16]) AS target) a
5 UNION
6 SELECT unnest(ARRAY[15, 16]), target
7 FROM (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[10, 11, 1]) AS target) b',
8 global => false);
9 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
10-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
11 1 | 1 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0
12 2 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 16 | -1 | 0 | 1
13 3 | 1 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 0
14 4 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | -1 | 0 | 1
15 5 | 1 | 16 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 0
16 6 | 2 | 16 | 11 | 11 | -1 | 0 | 1
17 7 | 1 | 10 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0
18 8 | 2 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1
19 9 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 16 | -1 | 0 | 2
20 10 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0
21 11 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1
22 12 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2
23 13 | 4 | 1 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 3
24 14 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 16 | -1 | 0 | 4
25(14 rows)
26
From the results:
making a connection from the first subway line \(\{1, 10, 11\}\) to the second \(\{15, 16\}\):
The best connections from all the stations from the first line are: \({(1 \rightarrow 16) (10 \rightarrow 16) (11 \rightarrow 16)}\)
The best one is \((11 \rightarrow 16)\) with a cost of \(1\) (lines: 11 and 12)
making a connection from the second subway line \(\{15, 16\}\) to the first \(\{1, 10, 11\}\):
The best connections from all the stations from the second line are: \({(15 \rightarrow 10) (16 \rightarrow 11)}\)
Both are equaly good as they have the same cost. (lines: 13 and 14 and lines: 15 and 16)
Parameters¶
Column |
Type |
Description |
---|---|---|
|
Edges SQL as described below |
|
|
Combinations SQL as described below |
|
start vid |
|
Identifier of the starting vertex of the path. |
start vids |
|
Array of identifiers of starting vertices. |
end vid |
|
Identifier of the ending vertex of the path. |
end vids |
|
Array of identifiers of ending vertices. |
Dijkstra optional parameters¶
Column |
Type |
Default |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Near optional parameters¶
Parameter |
Type |
Default |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Find at most |
|
|
|
|
Inner Queries¶
Edges SQL¶
Column |
Type |
Default |
Description |
---|---|---|---|
|
ANY-INTEGER |
Identifier of the edge. |
|
|
ANY-INTEGER |
Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge. |
|
|
ANY-INTEGER |
Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge. |
|
|
ANY-NUMERICAL |
Weight of the edge ( |
|
|
ANY-NUMERICAL |
-1 |
Weight of the edge (
|
Where:
- ANY-INTEGER:
SMALLINT
,INTEGER
,BIGINT
- ANY-NUMERICAL:
SMALLINT
,INTEGER
,BIGINT
,REAL
,FLOAT
Combinations SQL¶
Parameter |
Type |
Description |
---|---|---|
|
ANY-INTEGER |
Identifier of the departure vertex. |
|
ANY-INTEGER |
Identifier of the arrival vertex. |
Where:
- ANY-INTEGER:
SMALLINT
,INTEGER
,BIGINT
Result Columns¶
Returns (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
Column |
Type |
Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Sequential value starting from 1. |
|
|
Relative position in the path. Has value 1 for the beginning of a path. |
|
|
Identifier of the starting vertex of the current path. |
|
|
Identifier of the ending vertex of the current path. |
|
|
Identifier of the node in the path from |
|
|
Identifier of the edge used to go from |
|
|
Cost to traverse from |
|
|
Aggregate cost from |
See Also¶
Sample Data network.
boost: https://www.boost.org/libs/graph/doc/table_of_contents.html
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Indices and tables