pgr_breadthFirstSearch - Experimental

pgr_breadthFirstSearch — Returns the traversal order(s) using Breadth First Search algorithm.

_images/boost-inside.jpeg

Boost Graph Inside

Warning

Possible server crash

  • These functions might create a server crash

Warning

Experimental functions

  • They are not officially of the current release.

  • They likely will not be officially be part of the next release:

    • The functions might not make use of ANY-INTEGER and ANY-NUMERICAL

    • Name might change.

    • Signature might change.

    • Functionality might change.

    • pgTap tests might be missing.

    • Might need c/c++ coding.

    • May lack documentation.

    • Documentation if any might need to be rewritten.

    • Documentation examples might need to be automatically generated.

    • Might need a lot of feedback from the comunity.

    • Might depend on a proposed function of pgRouting

    • Might depend on a deprecated function of pgRouting

Availability

Description

Provides the Breadth First Search traversal order from a root vertex to a particular depth.

The main Characteristics are:

  • The implementation will work on any type of graph.

  • Provides the Breadth First Search traversal order from a source node to a target depth level.

  • Running time: \(O(E + V)\)

Signatures

Summary

pgr_breadthFirstSearch(Edges SQL, root vid, [options])
pgr_breadthFirstSearch(Edges SQL, root vids, [options])
options: [max_depth, directed]
RETURNS SET OF (seq, depth, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Single vertex

pgr_breadthFirstSearch(Edges SQL, root vid, [options])
options: [max_depth, directed]
RETURNS SET OF (seq, depth, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
Example:

From root vertex \(6\) on a directed graph with edges in ascending order of id

SELECT * FROM pgr_breadthFirstSearch(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost
  FROM edges ORDER BY id',
  6);
 seq | depth | start_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+-------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |     0 |         6 |    6 |   -1 |    0 |        0
   2 |     1 |         6 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        1
   3 |     1 |         6 |    7 |    4 |    1 |        1
   4 |     2 |         6 |    3 |    7 |    1 |        2
   5 |     2 |         6 |   11 |    8 |    1 |        2
   6 |     2 |         6 |    8 |   10 |    1 |        2
   7 |     3 |         6 |    1 |    6 |    1 |        3
   8 |     3 |         6 |   16 |    9 |    1 |        3
   9 |     3 |         6 |   12 |   11 |    1 |        3
  10 |     3 |         6 |    9 |   14 |    1 |        3
  11 |     4 |         6 |   17 |   15 |    1 |        4
  12 |     4 |         6 |   15 |   16 |    1 |        4
  13 |     5 |         6 |   10 |    3 |    1 |        5
(13 rows)

Multiple vertices

pgr_breadthFirstSearch(Edges SQL, root vids, [options])
options: [max_depth, directed]
RETURNS SET OF (seq, depth, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
Example:

From root vertices \(\{12, 6\}\) on an undirected graph with depth \(<= 2\) and edges in ascending order of id

SELECT * FROM pgr_breadthFirstSearch(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost
  FROM edges ORDER BY id',
  ARRAY[12, 6], directed => false, max_depth => 2);
 seq | depth | start_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+-------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |     0 |         6 |    6 |   -1 |    0 |        0
   2 |     1 |         6 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        1
   3 |     1 |         6 |   10 |    2 |    1 |        1
   4 |     1 |         6 |    7 |    4 |    1 |        1
   5 |     2 |         6 |   15 |    3 |    1 |        2
   6 |     2 |         6 |   11 |    5 |    1 |        2
   7 |     2 |         6 |    3 |    7 |    1 |        2
   8 |     2 |         6 |    8 |   10 |    1 |        2
   9 |     0 |        12 |   12 |   -1 |    0 |        0
  10 |     1 |        12 |   11 |   11 |    1 |        1
  11 |     1 |        12 |    8 |   12 |    1 |        1
  12 |     1 |        12 |   17 |   13 |    1 |        1
  13 |     2 |        12 |   10 |    5 |    1 |        2
  14 |     2 |        12 |    7 |    8 |    1 |        2
  15 |     2 |        12 |   16 |    9 |    1 |        2
  16 |     2 |        12 |    9 |   14 |    1 |        2
(16 rows)

Parameters

Parameter

Type

Description

Edges SQL

TEXT

Edges SQL as described below.

root vid

BIGINT

Identifier of the root vertex of the tree.

  • When value is \(0\) then gets the spanning forest starting in aleatory nodes for each tree in the forest.

root vids

ARRAY [ ANY-INTEGER ]

Array of identifiers of the root vertices.

  • \(0\) values are ignored

  • For optimization purposes, any duplicated value is ignored.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERIC:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT, NUMERIC

Optional parameters

Column

Type

Default

Description

directed

BOOLEAN

true

  • When true the graph is considered Directed

  • When false the graph is considered as Undirected.

DFS optional parameters

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

max_depth

BIGINT

\(9223372036854775807\)

Upper limit of the depth of the tree.

  • When negative throws an error.

Inner Queries

Edges SQL

Column

Type

Default

Description

id

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the edge.

source

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge.

target

ANY-INTEGER

Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge.

cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

Weight of the edge (source, target)

reverse_cost

ANY-NUMERICAL

-1

Weight of the edge (target, source)

  • When negative: edge (target, source) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERICAL:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT

Return columns

Returns SET OF (seq, depth, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Parameter

Type

Description

seq

BIGINT

Sequential value starting from \(1\).

depth

BIGINT

Depth of the node.

  • \(0\) when node = start_vid.

start_vid

BIGINT

Identifier of the root vertex.

node

BIGINT

Identifier of node reached using edge.

edge

BIGINT

Identifier of the edge used to arrive to node.

  • \(-1\) when node = start_vid.

cost

FLOAT

Cost to traverse edge.

agg_cost

FLOAT

Aggregate cost from start_vid to node.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERIC:

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT, NUMERIC

Additional Examples

Example:

Same as Single vertex with edges in ascending order of id.

SELECT * FROM pgr_breadthFirstSearch(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost
  FROM edges ORDER BY id',
  6);
 seq | depth | start_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+-------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |     0 |         6 |    6 |   -1 |    0 |        0
   2 |     1 |         6 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        1
   3 |     1 |         6 |    7 |    4 |    1 |        1
   4 |     2 |         6 |    3 |    7 |    1 |        2
   5 |     2 |         6 |   11 |    8 |    1 |        2
   6 |     2 |         6 |    8 |   10 |    1 |        2
   7 |     3 |         6 |    1 |    6 |    1 |        3
   8 |     3 |         6 |   16 |    9 |    1 |        3
   9 |     3 |         6 |   12 |   11 |    1 |        3
  10 |     3 |         6 |    9 |   14 |    1 |        3
  11 |     4 |         6 |   17 |   15 |    1 |        4
  12 |     4 |         6 |   15 |   16 |    1 |        4
  13 |     5 |         6 |   10 |    3 |    1 |        5
(13 rows)

Example:

Same as Single vertex with edges in descending order of id.

SELECT * FROM pgr_breadthFirstSearch(
  'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost
  FROM edges ORDER BY id DESC',
  6);
 seq | depth | start_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+-------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |     0 |         6 |    6 |   -1 |    0 |        0
   2 |     1 |         6 |    7 |    4 |    1 |        1
   3 |     1 |         6 |    5 |    1 |    1 |        1
   4 |     2 |         6 |    8 |   10 |    1 |        2
   5 |     2 |         6 |   11 |    8 |    1 |        2
   6 |     2 |         6 |    3 |    7 |    1 |        2
   7 |     3 |         6 |    9 |   14 |    1 |        3
   8 |     3 |         6 |   12 |   12 |    1 |        3
   9 |     3 |         6 |   16 |    9 |    1 |        3
  10 |     3 |         6 |    1 |    6 |    1 |        3
  11 |     4 |         6 |   17 |   13 |    1 |        4
  12 |     4 |         6 |   15 |   16 |    1 |        4
  13 |     5 |         6 |   10 |    3 |    1 |        5
(13 rows)

The resulting traversal is different.

The left image shows the result with ascending order of ids and the right image shows with descending order of the edge identifiers.

ascending descending

See Also

Indices and tables