pgr_bdDijkstra

pgr_bdDijkstra — Returns the shortest path(s) using Bidirectional Dijkstra algorithm.

Boost Graph Inside

Availability:

• Version 3.2.0

  • New proposed function:

    • pgr_bdDijkstra(Combinations)

• Version 3.0.0

  • Official function

• Version 2.5.0

  • New Proposed functions:

    • pgr_bdDijkstra(One to Many)

    • pgr_bdDijkstra(Many to One)

    • pgr_bdDijkstra(Many to Many)

• Version 2.4.0

  • Signature change on pgr_bdDijsktra(One to One)

    • Old signature no longer supported

• Version 2.0.0

  • Official pgr_bdDijkstra(One to One)

Description

The main characteristics are:

• Process is done only on edges with positive costs.

• Values are returned when there is a path.

• When the starting vertex and ending vertex are the same, there is no path.

  • The agg_cost the non included values (v, v) is 0

• When the starting vertex and ending vertex are the different and there is no path:

  • The agg_cost the non included values (u, v) is \(\infty\)

• Running time (worse case scenario): \(O((V \log V + E))\)

• For large graphs where there is a path bewtween the starting vertex and ending vertex:

  • It is expected to terminate faster than pgr_dijkstra

Signatures

Summary

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vid,  end_vid  [, directed])
pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vid,  end_vids [, directed])
pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vids, end_vid  [, directed])
pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vids, end_vids [, directed])
pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, Combinations SQL [, directed]) -- Proposed on v3.2

RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq [, start_vid] [, end_vid], node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Using defaults

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vid, end_vid)
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

From vertex \(2\) to vertex \(3\)

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    2, 3
);
 seq | path_seq | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        5
(6 rows)

One to One

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vid, end_vid [, directed])
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

From vertex \(2\) to vertex \(3\) on an undirected graph

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    2, 3,
    false
);
 seq | path_seq | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |    2 |    2 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        1
(2 rows)

One to many

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vid, end_vids [, directed])
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

From vertex \(2\) to vertices \(\{3, 11\}\) on a directed graph

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    2, ARRAY[3, 11]);
 seq | path_seq | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |       3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |       3 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |       3 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |       3 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |       3 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |       3 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |      11 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |      11 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |      11 |    6 |   11 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |      11 |   11 |   -1 |    0 |        3
(10 rows)

Many to One

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vids, end_vid [, directed])
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

From vertices \(\{2, 7\}\) to vertex \(3\) on a directed graph

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    ARRAY[2, 7], 3);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         2 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         2 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         2 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         2 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         2 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |         2 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |         7 |    7 |    6 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |         7 |    8 |    7 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |         7 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |         7 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        3
  11 |        5 |         7 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        4
  12 |        6 |         7 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        5
  13 |        7 |         7 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        6
(13 rows)

Many to Many

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, start_vids, end_vids [, directed])
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

From vertices \(\{2, 7\}\) to vertices \(\{3, 11\}\) on a directed graph

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    ARRAY[2, 7], ARRAY[3, 11]);
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         2 |       3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         2 |       3 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         2 |       3 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         2 |       3 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         2 |       3 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |         2 |       3 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |         2 |      11 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |         2 |      11 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |         2 |      11 |    6 |   11 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |         2 |      11 |   11 |   -1 |    0 |        3
  11 |        1 |         7 |       3 |    7 |    6 |    1 |        0
  12 |        2 |         7 |       3 |    8 |    7 |    1 |        1
  13 |        3 |         7 |       3 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        2
  14 |        4 |         7 |       3 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        3
  15 |        5 |         7 |       3 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        4
  16 |        6 |         7 |       3 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        5
  17 |        7 |         7 |       3 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        6
  18 |        1 |         7 |      11 |    7 |    6 |    1 |        0
  19 |        2 |         7 |      11 |    8 |    7 |    1 |        1
  20 |        3 |         7 |      11 |    5 |   10 |    1 |        2
  21 |        4 |         7 |      11 |   10 |   12 |    1 |        3
  22 |        5 |         7 |      11 |   11 |   -1 |    0 |        4
(22 rows)

Combinations

pgr_bdDijkstra(Edges SQL, Combinations SQL [, directed])
RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)
OR EMPTY SET

Example

Using a combinations table on a directed graph.

SELECT * FROM pgr_bdDijkstra(
    'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table',
    'SELECT * FROM ( VALUES (2, 3), (7, 11) ) AS t(source, target)');
 seq | path_seq | start_vid | end_vid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
-----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
   1 |        1 |         2 |       3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
   2 |        2 |         2 |       3 |    5 |    8 |    1 |        1
   3 |        3 |         2 |       3 |    6 |    9 |    1 |        2
   4 |        4 |         2 |       3 |    9 |   16 |    1 |        3
   5 |        5 |         2 |       3 |    4 |    3 |    1 |        4
   6 |        6 |         2 |       3 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |        5
   7 |        1 |         7 |      11 |    7 |    6 |    1 |        0
   8 |        2 |         7 |      11 |    8 |    7 |    1 |        1
   9 |        3 |         7 |      11 |    5 |   10 |    1 |        2
  10 |        4 |         7 |      11 |   10 |   12 |    1 |        3
  11 |        5 |         7 |      11 |   11 |   -1 |    0 |        4
(11 rows)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
Edges SQL	TEXT		Edges query as described below
Combinations SQL	TEXT		Combinations query as described below
start_vid	BIGINT		Identifier of the starting vertex of the path.
start_vids	ARRAY[BIGINT]		Array of identifiers of starting vertices.
end_vid	BIGINT		Identifier of the ending vertex of the path.
end_vids	ARRAY[BIGINT]		Array of identifiers of ending vertices.
directed	BOOLEAN	true	When true Graph is considered Directed When false the graph is considered as Undirected.

Inner queries

Edges query

Column	Type	Default	Description
id	ANY-INTEGER		Identifier of the edge.
source	ANY-INTEGER		Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge.
target	ANY-INTEGER		Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge.
cost	ANY-NUMERICAL		Weight of the edge (source, target) When negative: edge (source, target) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.
reverse_cost	ANY-NUMERICAL	-1	Weight of the edge (target, source), When negative: edge (target, source) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERICAL

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT

Combinations query

Column	Type	Default	Description
source	ANY-INTEGER		Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge.
target	ANY-INTEGER		Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER

SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

Result Columns

Returns set of (seq, path_id, path_seq [, start_vid] [, end_vid], node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Column	Type	Description
seq	INT	Sequential value starting from 1.
path_id	INT	Path identifier. Has value 1 for the first of a path. Used when there are multiple paths for the same start_vid to end_vid combination.
path_seq	INT	Relative position in the path. Has value 1 for the beginning of a path.
start_vid	BIGINT	Identifier of the starting vertex. Returned when multiple starting vetrices are in the query. Many to One Many to Many
end_vid	BIGINT	Identifier of the ending vertex. Returned when multiple ending vertices are in the query. One to Many Many to Many
node	BIGINT	Identifier of the node in the path from start_vid to end_vid.
edge	BIGINT	Identifier of the edge used to go from node to the next node in the path sequence. -1 for the last node of the path.
cost	FLOAT	Cost to traverse from node using edge to the next node in the path sequence.
agg_cost	FLOAT	Aggregate cost from start_v to node.

See Also

• The queries use the Sample Data network.

• Bidirectional Dijkstra - Family of functions

• https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr06/cos423/Handouts/EPP%20shortest%20path%20algorithms.pdf

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional_search

Indices and tables

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